As localization progresses, the difference in administrative and financial capacity of the local government is making different conditions. In this study, the welfare disparity between the regions was analyzed by using administrative data related in the community level and administrative data of local government social service investment project. From 2008 to 2017, welfare indicators such as welfare expenditure were used to analyze welfare inequality and trend. This study examines the unequal distribution of welfare benefits in the elderly. In order to analyze domestic and international cases, we examined the level of regional disparities in Gyeonggi-do province in Korea and Northern European countries, such as Finland and Sweden focusing on the policy efforts to solve them. Regional differences arise from various factors such as regional conditions, especially economic, financial, population size, and financial capacities of local government, but it is necessary to approach regional disparities in terms of efficiency, economics, or inequality. In order to solve this problem, policy design considering regional characteristics is needed rather than standardized welfare administration model. In order to improve the provision of social services, inter-municipal linkages and cooperative approaches are also needed. In addition, financial support and number of civil servants for rural unserved areas of the delivery system conditions through the establishment of special social security support regions as stipulated in the Social Security Act is needed. First of all, it is necessary to systematically manage regional social security indicators that can continuously monitor and analyze the regional welfare disparity level. 

Abstract ················································································································1

Ch 1. Introduction ·······················································································31

   A. Research Background and Purpose ··········································································33

   B. Research Scope and Methods ·············································································37

Ch 2. Literature Review ·······································································43

   A. Overview of the Previous Studies on Welfare Disparity and Localization ············································45

   B. Review of Indicators for Welfare Disparity ·················································70

Ch 3. Welfare Disparity and Their Determinants ·····································99

  A. Introduction ······························································································101

  B. Study Design ······························································································102

  C. Analyzing Current Welfare State and Disparity ··························································114

  D. Analyzing Welfare Inequality ······································································140

  E. Chapter Conclusion and Policy Implications ·······································································153

Ch 4. Analyzing Welfare Disparity due to Differences in the Welfare Delivery System: Focusing on Customized Services in Eup, Myeon, Dong(Administrative Subdivision) ··········································161

   A. Introduction ······························································································163

   B. Welfare Hubs Plan for Eup, Myeon and Dong ·····························································164

   C. Analyzing Different Outcomes of the Welfare Hubs Plan ·····················································171

   D. Analyzing Factors for Different Outcomes ··············································191

   E. Chapter Conclusion and Policy Implications ·······································································203

Ch 5. Analyzing Welfare Disparity Due to Differences in the Social Service Delivery System: Centered on Local Autonomous Social Service Investment Projects ·······················205

   A. Introduction ······························································································207

   B. Data and Research Methods ··················································································208

   C. Analyzing Different Operation Conditions for Local Autonomous Social Service Investment Projects ·························212

   D. Results of the Analysis ··································226

   E. Chapter Conclusion and Policy Implications ·······································································236

Ch 6. Welfare Disparity due to Welfare Facilities and the Demand for Them ·································239

   A. Introduction ······························································································241

   B. Current State of Welfare Facilities ·············································································242

   C. Research Scope and Methods ··············································································244

   D. Analyzing Welfare Service Disparity ···································································248

   E. Integration of Welfare Services and Welfare Disparity ·······························································264

   F. Chapter Conclusion and Policy Implications ·······································································268

Ch 7. Current State of Welfare Disparity among Autonomous Administrative Regions and Policy Responses: Focusing on Cases in Gyeonggi Province ························································271

   A. Introduction ······························································································273

   B. Research Scop and Methods ···········································································276

   C. Analyzing Welfare Disparity in Gyeonggi Province ·········································································279

   D. Chapter Conclusion and Policy Implications ·······································································315

Ch 8. Welfare Disparity and Policy Responses in Northern Europe ··317

   A. Social Service Disparity in Northern Europe ··························································319

   B. Empirical Analysis of Social Service Disparity in Nordic Countries: Focusing on Finland ····372

Ch 9. Conclusion and Implications ·········································································405

   A. Research Results ····························································································407

   B. Policy Implications ························································412

References ···························································································421

Appendices ································································································441