The purpose of this study is to examine the regional particulate
matter health effects from the ecological point of view
and to provide the basis for establishing measures for regional
adaptation to particulate matter health effects. The health effects
of regional particulate matter were divided into deaths
due to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular
diseases and total deaths in municipal levels.
The results showed that the risk death due to respiratory diseases
in Gyeongbuk, Chungbuk, Gangwon and Jeonbuk areas
was higher than the national average. The risk of death due to
cerebrovascular diseases in some areas such as Jeonbuk and
Gyeongbuk areas was higher than the national average. The total
mortality in the Jeonnam, Gyeongnam, Gyeongbuk, and
Chungbuk provinces was higher than the national average, indicating
that the risk of disease death varies according to the
particulate matter-related disease.
As a result of examining the factors affecting the death of particulate matter-related diseases by region, unlike previous
studies, respiratory disease mortality tended to decrease with
increase of PM10 concentration, and disease mortality in cardiovascular
disease was not affected by PM10. However, cerebrovascular
disease mortality was associated with higher PM10
concentration. In PM2.5, respiratory disease mortality tended to
decrease with increasing PM2.5 concentration as in PM10, but in
case of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease death,
and total death, disease mortality was increased with increasing
PM2.5 concentration, indicating that the particulate matter
health effect was greater at PM2.5 than PM10. In addition, it was
confirmed that the health effects of particulate matter may be
different depending on the source of particulate matter in each
region.
This study suggests that it is necessary to establish a countermeasure
for the adaptation of particulate matter effect to the
region considering the health effects of particulate matter, regional
particulate matter emission sources and emissions.
Abstract ················································································································1
I. Introduction ·························································································7
1. Research Background and Purpose ···············································································9
2. Research Scope and Methods ················································································12
II. Assessing the Health Impact and Pollution of Particulate Matter ···································17
1. How Particulate Matter Enters and Impacts the Human Body ······················································19
2. Literature Review on the Health Impact of Particulate Matter ·······································22
3. The Pollution State of Particulate Matter by Time and Space ·······························································51
IIIl. Health Impact Assessment of Particulate Matter by Locality ··············································67
1. Monthly Measures of Local Particulate Matter Concentrations by Si, Gun, and Gu ··············································69
2. Space Analysis on the Deaths Related to Particulate Matter ·················································93
3. Correlation between Particulate Matter and the Deaths Related to Particulate Matter by Locality ··················111
4. Health Impact of Particulate Matter by Locality With Sources of Emission Taken into Account ······················123
IV. The Status of Local Measures for Adapting to the Health Impact of Particulate Matter at Home and Abroad ············131
1. The Status of Local Measures for Adapting to the Health Impact of Particulate Matter at Home ······························133
2. The Status of Local Measures for Adapting to the Health Impact of Particulate Matter in Selected Countries ······························162
V. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations ································································177
1. Major Research Results ··················································································179
2. Policy Recommendations ··························································································182
References ···························································································185
Appendices ································································································197