Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a relapse prevention program (RPP) and examine the effects of the RPP on insight, empowerment,and treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Participantswere 54 inpatients who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia (experimental group: 26, control group: 28). The study was carried out fromFebruary 7, 2012 to February 6, 2013. Over a 10-day period prior to discharge each participant in the experimental group received three onehoursessions of RPP a one-to-one patient-nurse interaction. Data were collected using Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), EmpowermentScale, and Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ) and analyzed using PASW 18.0 with chi-square test, independent ttest,Mann-Whitney U test, and ANCOVA. Results: The experimental group had a significant increase in insight and treatment adherence comparedto the control group. However, there was no significant difference in empowerment between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings indicatethat the RPP for patients with schizophrenia was effective in improving insight and treatment adherence. A longitudinal study is needed toconfirm the persistence of these effects of RPP in patients with schizophrenia.