[영문]The past thirty years have witnessed a steady rise in the demand for treatment of infertility, including the use of in vitro fertilization and third?party eggs and sperm. The high cost of these procedures (in the tens of thousands of dollars) has led many people concerned about the attendant unfair consequences of economic inequality (the limitation of less well?off people’s chances of having children) to propose mandatory insurance coverage of infertility treatment, including (at least some) in vitro fertilization. This article argues that the dominant characterization of infertility and infertility treatment as medical issues inappropriately focuses attention on individual bodies rather than on social structures and practices that are responsible for a significant amount of involuntary childlessness.