본 연구에서는 저출산 현상을 취업모의 심리변인, 사회적 지원변인, 경제변인 및 영아의 기질변인으로 설명하고자 하였다. 어머니 심리적 특성 변인, 사회적 지원 변인, 영아기질 변인을 독립변인으로, ‘취업모의 후속출산계획’을 종속변인으로 선택하였으며, 연구의 대상으로 이미 자녀를 출산하여 양육하고 있는 취업모가 선정되었다. 본 연구의 연구 자료는 육아정책연구소 한국아동패널(PSKC) 2차년도(2009) 데이터를 사용하였다. 총 1,904 가구 중 후속출산을 계획하고 있는 취업모 206명을 대상으로 하였다. 어머니의 후속출산계획에 미치는 영향에 대한 경로와 각 변인 간의 직․간접 효과를 알아보기 위해 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 취업모의 후속출산계획에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 연구결과 유의미한 변인은 어머니 심리적 특성, 부모 자녀가치, 양육스트레스였다. 매개변인인 양육스트레스에 영향을 미칠 것으로 설정된 주요한 변인들의 경로 중 취업모의 후속출산계획에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 유의미한 변인은 기질 중 정서성, 어머니 심리적 특성, 부모 자녀가치였다. 기질 중 정서성, 어머니 심리적 특성, 부모 자녀가치 변인은 양육스트레스에 유의미한 영향력을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 후속출산계획에 미치는 변인은 어머니의 경제활동변인과 자녀양육, 가족 및 친족 범위의 사회적 지원, 부부간의 가사 및 육아의 역할분담 경향, 어머니의 심리적 특성 변인, 사회적 지원이었다. 특히 경제변인은 후속출산계획을 제외한 모든 변인에 직․간접적 영향을 미쳤다. This study aimed to examine the low birth rate of working mothers with psycho-social factors within the family. Psychological and social factors, family factors, and infant temperament variables were chosen as independent variables, and working mothers’ subsequent birth plan was a dependent variable. The subjects of study were mothers who were working and raising children. This study examined variables which were related to the subsequent birth plan of working mothers. If the causes for the low birth rate were identified, the results of the study would be used as the basis for effective policy making. This study was analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to explain the relationship among the latent variables, which were abstract concepts raised based on the theoretical backgrounds. It was expected to build up an integrated research model utilizing the advantages of the structural equation. In this study, the data were from the second-year study of the Panel of South Korean Children (PSKC) conducted by the Child Care Policy Research Institute. The PSKC study included 2,078 children and their mothers who were born at medical institutions (It is not clear whether you mean the children or the mothers were born at these institutions.) across the country except Jeju. 226 households dropped out from the first-year study and 52 households were added newly to the second-year study, so 1,904 households ended up participating in the study. SPSS 12.0 was used for analysis in this study. Cronbach's coefficient was calculated for reliability verification. AMOS 7.0 was used to find the direct and indirect effects and paths of variables on the mother's subsequent birth plan. In this study, the structural models were analyzed step-by-step from the hypothetical model to the final model. The hypothetical model was used to presume the relationship between independent latent variables and dependent variables extracted from each of the theories, and the final model was used to choose the rational selection model that was most appropriate for this study.