본 연구의 목표는 빈곤 여부와 국민기초생활보장제도 수급지위에 따른 집단별로 생계, 건강, 주거 관련 결핍정도를 파악하고, 나아가 국민기초생활보장제도의 생계, 의료, 주거급여 각각의 중위소득 기준선이 각 영역별로 결핍지수가 높은 집단을 구분하는지 살펴보는 것이다. 분석에는 한국복지패널 3-9차 자료를 사용하였고, 결핍수준은 퍼지집합이론을 적용하여 측정하였다. 생계차원의 결핍수준은 낮은 반면에, 상대빈곤층과 절대빈곤층 공히 만성질환 및 장애의 만연으로 인한 건강차원 결핍 그리고 최저주거기준 미달 및 주거비 과부담으로 측정한 주거차원 결핍정도가 높았다. 국민기초생활보장제도 수급집단은 비수급집단에 비하여 생계, 건강, 주거차원의 결핍수준이 높았다. 국민기초생활보장제도 맞춤형 급여제도의 소득기준선과 결핍수준의 정합성과 관련하여, 생계급여 기준선(중위소득 28-30%)은 변별력이 낮았고, 의료급여는 기준선인 중위소득 40% 이상의 소득을 가진 일부의 결핍수준이 그 이하 집단보다 낮지 않은 것으로 나타났고, 주거급여는 소득기준선 이하 집단의 관련 결핍수준이 그 이상 집단에 비해 높아 형평성과 관련한 논란의 소지가 가장 적었다. This study 1) determines the degree of deprivation of basic needs in terms of material hardship, health, and housing conditions by poverty status and the receipt of National Basic Livelihood Security benefits, and 2) examines as to whether the degree of deprivation is differentiated by income criterion for livelihood, medical, and housing assistance of the National Basic Livelihood Security (NBLS). The data for this study was drawn from seven waves of the Korea Welfare Panel Study collected from 2008 to 2014. The level of deprivation was calculated based on fuzzy set theory. Results show that the degree of deprivation in the areas of health and housing was high among those in poverty defined in either absolute or relative terms, while it was pretty low in the area of material hardship measured by having a difficulty in obtaining food and paying utilities. The poor who received NBLS benefits had a higher level of deprivation in material hardship, health, and housing conditions compared to those who did not. The degree of deprivation in the area of material hardship did not differ by income threshold for livelihood assistance, 28-30% of median income. Some of those above income threshold for medical assistance, 40% of median income, had a similar/higher degree of deprivation in the area of health. The degree of deprivation in the area of housing was higher for those below income threshold for housing assistance, 43% of median income, than those above it.