Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle modification program for Korean adults with cardiovascular disease risk factors on their health behaviors and health status. Methods: A total of 448 adults with abdominal obesity and additional cardiovascular disease risk factors(high blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol, high triglyceride or high blood glucose) were randomly assigned to either an intensive intervention group (IIG, n=216) or a minimal intervention group(MIG, n=232). Participants in the IIG received lifestyle modification program which consisted of health counseling with nutrition assessment, health booklet and health diary, while those in MIG received minimal information. Results: The participants in the IIG significantly improved dietary habits(pqqqlt;.05), retrained eating(pqqqlt;.001), external eating(pqqqlt;.01) behaviors, leisure time physical activity(pqqqlt;.05), dietary self-efficacy(pqqqlt;.01), exercise self-efficacy(pqqqlt;.01) and MetS score(pqqqlt;.001) after 3 months. In addition, the participants in the IIG showed more improvement in dietary habits(pqqqlt;.05) compared with those in the MIG. Conclusion: The lifestyle modification program was effective in improving some health behaviors, behavioral determinants and cardiovascular risk factors for a short term.