Objectives: This study was to examine the associations between obesity level and major chronic diseases in older population in Korea, usingdifferent obesity indicators. Methods: Data was from the 2008 KloSA Biomarker pilot, a nationwide sample of 514 non-institutionalizedsubjects (age 63.6±9.8 years; women 57.2%). Anthropometric information was collected by home visiting nurses. Portable bioimpedencedevices(Omran HBF359) were used for measuring fat mass. Obesity cut-offs used the Asian criteria of BMI≥25, WC≥90/85cm, and fat%≥25/35 for men and women. Chronic disease prevalence was defined by physician-diagnosed history of 8 specified diseases. Results: Prevalenceof chronic diseases significantly increased with increment of obesity level by BMI, WC and fat %. Odds ratios of acquiring chronic diseasesremained significant in the obese group (BMI OR 2.76, 95%CI 1.82-4.19; WC OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.81-4.11; Fat OR 1.87 95%CI 1.26-2.78),after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, work participation, household income, smoking, drinking, and exercise. Conclusions:Obesity measured by all three indicators, BMI, WC, and fat mass cannot be disregarded, accentuating the significant effect on increases indisease risks among older population. BMI and WC measure appeared better to assess the risks of chronic diseases.