Objectives: This study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence on built environment (BE) and health outcomes in Korea. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Three independent reviewers identified 48 empirical articles based on predefined selection criteria. Review categories include: (1) study characteristics (2) the attributes of BE; (3) health-related variables; and (4) the association between BE attributes and health outcomes. Results: Research on BE and health in Korea has so far been led mainly by the field of urban planning. All of the reviewed studies were cross-sectional studies. BE attributes associated with health outcomes in Korea include: land use; street environment; transportation infrastructure; green and open space; and neighborhood facility. Most of the reviewed studies focused on physical health, and evidence was limited for the association between BE and social and mental health. Our results confirmed the association between BE attributes and health promotion and also identified the compact, complex, and connectable context of the Korean cities. Conclusions: Creating healthy communities requires a better understanding of the BE characteristics that promote health. The future studies should explore the relationships between the BE and health in a theoretically sound and longitudinal research design.