The purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural differences of the view on childrearing, educational values, and the utilization of private education for young children between Korean and Chinese mothers. The subjects were 103 mothers in Seoul, Korea, and 105 mothers in Xiamen, China. The results showed that, in comparison to Korean mothers, Chinese mothers emphasized the values of cognitive achievement and anticipated private education to begin in early childhood. The types of private education that mothers used at the time of this study were different between the two countries. Through the comparative perspective, we support the idea that the characteristics in the two countries reflect not only their personal values but also the educational climate and social atmosphere. We discussed the reasons behind these results based on the social and cultural background.