Foucault's analytical methods of archaeology and genealogy reveal that South African child welfare thinking cannot be clearly divided into an apartheid and post-apartheid epoch. Rather, this history of the present identifies that a Child Protection discourse continues to dominate current child welfare legislation and policies, both at a state and an agency level, even while the language of a Developmental Social Welfare discourse is utilised. The dominance of the Child Protection discourse allows service users and service providers to be constructed in such a way that maintains the use of an intrusive, individualistic approach to child welfare that effectively overlooks the impact of structural factors on the lives of vulnerable children and their families. Archaeology and genealogy provide valuable tools for uncovering the dominant and marginalised discourses and for analyzing the circulation of power within a particular child welfare system.