Challenges of Aging: Pensions, Retirement and Generational Justice

서명/저자사항

Challenges of Aging: Pensions, Retirement and Generational Justice

개인저자

Torp, C

형태사항

1 online resource (304 pages)

ISBN

9781137283177

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Cover -- Challenges of Aging -- Contents -- List of Tables -- List of Figures -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Demographic Aging as a Challenge to Modern Societies -- 1. Pension systems under pressure -- 2. Retirement and the changing images of old age -- 3. The problem of generational justice -- References -- Part I: The Multiple Facets of Population Aging -- 1: The Challenges of Twenty-First-Century Demography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Demographics -- 2.1. Demographic drivers -- 2.2. Mortality rates -- 3. The challenge -- 3.1. Economic challenge -- 3.2. Health challenge -- 3.3. Intergenerational and intragenerational relationships -- 4. Conclusion: The need for adaptation -- Note -- References -- 2: Population Aging and the Changing Economic Life Cycle: A Global Perspective -- 1. Demographic transition and population age distributions -- 2. The economic life cycle -- 3. The interaction of population age distribution and the economic life cycle: Support ratios -- 4. How consumption in old age is funded around the world -- 5. Economic consequences of population aging -- 6. Discussion and conclusion -- References -- Part II: Pension Systems under Pressure -- 3: Age Politics and Pension Systems Development and Reform -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Demand-side and supply-side explanations for the emergence and growth of pension systems -- 3. The elderly and pension system reform: Back to the demand-side, or how we learned to stop worrying and to love pensioners -- 3.1. The elderly at the ballot box -- 3.2. The organized elderly: Parties, unions, and pressure groups -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4: Policy Feedbacks and Pension Policy Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Feedback effects on policy change -- 3. Self-undermining feedbacks and policy change in three pension regimes, 2001-14. 4. "Bismarckian Lite" pension in the United States -- 5. Bismarckian pension regimes -- 6. NDC pensions in Sweden -- 7. Conclusions -- Note -- References -- 5: Sovereign Debt Crises and Pension Reforms in Europe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Eight countries - three types of pension systems -- 3. The post-2008 pension reforms -- 3.1. Ireland -- 3.2. The South European countries -- 3.3. The CEE countries -- 4. Commonalities and differences -- 5. The social impact of recent pension reforms -- 6. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 6: The UK Pensions Crisis and Institutional Innovation: Beyond Corporatism and Neoliberalism -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Workplace pensions-past and present -- 3. Social Security Act 1973 -- 4. Social Security Act 1975 -- 5. Pensions commission 2005 -- 6. Institutional innovation and consensus -- 7. Pension politics (redux) -- 8. Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Part III: Retirement and the Changing Images of Old Age -- 7: Work versus Leisure: Historical Roots of the Dissociation of Work and Later Life in Twentieth-Century Europe -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ideas and practices of retirement in pre-modern and early industrial Europe -- 2.1. The "Ciceronian model of retirement" -- 2.2. Retirement for the laboring poor? -- 2.3. Retirement as a means of intergenerational property transfer -- 2.4 Retirement and the administrative logic of large bureaucratic institutions -- 3. The spread of retirement in the twentieth century: Quantitative evidence -- 3.1. The long-term trend of declining labor force participation -- 3.2. The homogeneity of the long-term trend -- 4. The breakthrough toward general appreciation of retirement -- 4.1. The first half of the twentieth century - a period of transition -- 4.2. Social scientists versus workers - the ambivalent 1950s -- 4.3. The breakthrough toward leisurely retirement in the 1970s. 4.1. The concept of a generation -- 4.2. Equity or equality? -- 4.3. Corrective justice -- 5. A view from history -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- 12: Generational Justice, Generational Habitus and the 'Problem' of the Baby Boomers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Generational habitus -- 3. Generational equity and generational justice -- 4. Inequality as a source of intergenerational conflict? -- 5. Some conclusions -- References -- 13: Generations in Aging Societies: Inequalities, Cleavages, Conflicts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Old and new inequalities -- 3. The impact of historical watersheds and macro-structural change -- 4. The economics of generational discontinuity -- 5. Toward political mobilization? -- 6. Mediating organizations: Parties and unions -- 7. Families as mediators -- 8. Generation and class: Conflict or integration? -- Notes -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index. 4.4. The wider context: Toward a modern leisure-rich society -- 5. Concluding remarks -- Note -- References -- 8: From Retirement to Active Aging: Changing Images of 'Old Age' in the Late Twentieth and Early Twenty-First Centuries -- 1. Demographizing the social: The politics of aging in the 'aging society' -- 2. Averting the 'old age crisis' by means of 'active aging' -- 3. Talking about a revolution: Public discourses on 'active aging' since the 1980s -- 4. Governing the 'aging society': On the dialectics of constructing the 'young old' -- Notes -- References -- 9: Delaying Retirement in Germany and Europe -- 1. Introduction: Labor participation and early retirement -- 2. Paradigm shift: Extending working lives -- 2.1. Labor market and economic trends -- 2.2. Reasons imposed by social policy -- 2.3. Changes in the EU labor employment policy targets -- 3. Major strategies in Germany and Europe -- 3.1. Pension and retirement policies -- 3.2. Unemployment policies -- 3.3. Consequences -- 3.4. Employment policies -- 3.5. Health/disability policies -- 3.6. Further vocational training -- 3.7. Opposing age discrimination in employment -- 4. Prospects: Promoting the employability of an aging workforce -- Note -- References -- 10: Changing Retirement Transitions in Times of Paradigmatic Political Change: Toward Growing Inequalities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Theory and previous findings -- 2.1. The decision to work up to or past the legal retirement age -- 2.2. The effect of population aging and recent policy trends on the retirement decision -- 3. Data -- 4. Results -- 5. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part IV: The Problem of Generational Justice -- 11: Intergenerational Equity: Historical Reconstructions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Three life course perspectives -- 3. Why the recent revival? -- 4. Some analytical questions

주제어

Population aging

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