[영문]This paper uses a recent survey of welfare leavers in Toronto to examineWorkfare, a uniquely American initiative introduced into Canada, withits different welfare state history and traditions. When classic Americanworkfare was imported by an enthusiastic government in Ontario, itsapplication led to employment outcomes remarkably similar to those inthe US (reduced caseloads, insecure and contingent employment, highrecidivism). Yet, Canada’s earlier commitment to community and collectiveresponsibility have not been entirely subsumed below the overarchingAmerican umbrella. Welfare programs in Canada?specifically,workfare?reflect both the difficulties of maintaining great difference, andalso the possibilities of following an alternate path.