Should a citizen's right to social welfare be contingent on their personal behaviour? Since the introduction of an enhanced benefit scheme in the UK in 2012, welfare conditionality has been increasingly implemented across policy arenas. In this book, experts provide critical analyses of the effectiveness of welfare conditionality sanctions and support in promoting and sustaining behaviour change in welfare service users. Underpinned by qualitative longitudinal data, they consider how welfare conditionality operates within unemployment and disability benefit systems, homelessness projects and social housing. Evaluating the ethics, limits and efficacy of welfare conditionality, this compelling book calls for compassionate sanctions and support that engage with the complex realities of people's lives.