Abstract ················································································································1
Ch. 1. Introduction ·························································································13
A. Research Background and Purpose ·············································································13
B. Research Scope and Method ·············································································16
C. The Meaning of the 2018 National Survey on Fertility and Family Health and Welfare ························19
Ch. 2. Sampling Plan and Estimating Method ·························································27
A. Sample Design ······························································································27
B. Statistical Weight ····································································································41
Ch. 3. General Chracteristics of the Survey Respondents ························································45
A. General Characteristics of Married Women ··········································································45
B. Economic Status of Married Women ··········································································47
C. Housing Status of Married Women ··········································································54
Ch. 4. Marriage ·························································································65
A. Experience of Independent Housing before Marriage ········································································65
B. Attitudes towards Marriage ··················································································70
C. Path to Marriage and Marriage History ········································································89
D. Marriage Cost and Housing Burden ········································································95
Ch. 5. Pregnancy and Childbirth ·········································································103
A. Attitudes towards Childbirth ·······································································103
B. Pregnancy ·····································································································124
C. Childbirth ····························································································149
Ch. 6. Prenatal and Postpartum Management ········································································165
A. Prenatal Management ······························································································165
B. Delivery ·····································································································169
C. Postpartum Management ······························································································174
D. Breastfeeding ·····································································································181
Ch. 7. Child Care ··············································································187
A. Sharing of Child Care and Housework, and Gender Role Awareness ···························································187
B. Care of Preschool Children ··································································203
C. Care of Primary School Children ························································217
D. Child Care Cost ·························································································230
Ch. 8. Work-Life Balance ············································································237
A. Career Break ······························································································237
B. Use of Parental Leave and Other Types of Leave before and after Childbirth ································································246
C. Attitudes towards Work-Life Balance ········································································254
D. Intent to Work ····························································································265
E. Attitudes towards Childbirth by Work Type ······················································270
Ch. 9. Marriage- and Childbirth Related Policies ·······················································273
A. Awareness of Low Fertility Problems and the Need of Policy Responses ·········································273
B. Policy Needs of Marriage and Childbirth Related Policies ·····························································278
C. Evaluation of Marriage- and Childbirth Related Policies ·················································281
Ch. 10. General Characteristics of Survey Respondents ····················································289
A. Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Unmarried Men and Women ·········································289
B. Housing Characteristics of Unmarried Men and Women ·······································································291
C. Economic Characteristics of Unmarried Men and Women ····································································295
Ch. 11. Courting and Marriage ································································301
A. Courting between Men and Women ······························································································301
B. Attitudes towards Marriage ················································································313
Ch. 12. Attitudes towards Having Children and a Family ··················································331
A. Attitudes towards Having Children ················································································331
B. Attitudes towards Having a Family ················································································351
Ch. 13. Marriage- and Childbirth Related Policies ·····················································387
A. Awareness of Low Fertility Problems and the Need of Policy Responses ·········································387
B. Policy Needs of Marriage and Childbirth Related Policies ·····························································395
Ch. 14. Conclusion ····················································································431
A. Summary ·····································································································431
B. Policy Suggestions ·····································································································442
References ···························································································451
Appendices ································································································453