The third year part of a multi-year project on monitoring health equity in Korea, this study has two aims. First, to monitor the progress on equities in health and social determinants of health in Korea. Second, to identify health and social policies focusing on the how to tackle heath inequalities. The main research contents are as follows: The authors have revised the indicators to monitor inequalities in health in Korea, which are three dimensions that causes and consequences of health inequality: social structure, intermediary determinants, and health outcomes. We have developed Korean version of Indices of Multiple Deprivation, which are considering regional context in Metropolitan city unit. Finally, we have also developed the qualitative tools to measure inequality in access in medical service utilization that are useful in explaining the factors that cause inequality in accessibility at the regional level. 

Abstract ················································································································1

Part I Introduction ·······································································13

Ch 1. Research Background and Purpose ·······························································15

  A. Research Background ··································································································17

  B. Significance of Research ·······························································································25

  C. Research Purpose ··································································································28

Ch 2. Research Contents and Their Distinctiveness ·······································31the Marmot review

  A. Developing Indicators for Monitoring Health Ineqaulities ································································33

  B. Developing an Area-based Deprivation Index for Korea ·········································································34

  C. Monitoring Inequalities in the Use of Health Services ·····································································36

Part II Monitoring Indicators of Heal Inequalities ·····································39

Ch 1. Introduction ·························································································41

  A. Research Background and Significance ···················································································43

  B. Research Purpose ··································································································46

Ch 2. Overseas Cases ················································································49

Ch. 3 Research Methods ················································································57

  A. Health Inequalities Monitoring Procedure ·········································································59

  B. Health Ineaualities Monitoring Indicators ·········································································60

  C. Data Sources for Indicators of Health Ineqaulities ·········································································65

  D. Indicator Development ··························································································71

Ch 4. Research Results ················································································73

  A. Socio-structural Factors ························································································75

  B. Intervention Factors ································································································149

  C. Health Outcomes ································································································191

Part III Development of an Area-based Deprivation Index ·································197

Ch 1. Introduction ·······················································································199

  A. Research Background and Significance ·················································································201

  B. Research Purpose ································································································202

Ch 2. Literature Review ···········································································203

  A. Development and Use of Deprivation Indices in Korea ·····································································205

  B. Development and Use of Deprivation Indices Abroad ·····································································224

Ch 3. Research Methods ··············································································241

  A. Developing Process of a Korea Area-based Deprivation Index (KorDep_2018) ·····································243

  B. Calculating and Analyzing the Korea Area-based Deprivation Index (KorDep_2018) ································248

Ch 4. Research Results ··············································································263

  A. Korea Area-based Deprivation Index (KorDep_2010) Update ······································265

  B. Pilot Measument using Korea Area-based Deprivation Index (KorDep_2018) ··················267

Part IV Monitoring Inequalities in the Use of Health Services ·······························283

Ch 1. Introduction ·······················································································285

  A. Research Background and Significance ·················································································287

  B. Research Purpose ································································································291

Ch 2. Literature Review ···········································································293

  A. The Limits of Previous Evaluations of Health Inequalities in Local Areas ·······································295

  B. Cases at Home and Abroad of Monitoring with the Combination of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods ······························300

Ch 3. Research Methods ··············································································305

  A. Developing a Qualitative Tool for Measuring Unmet Healthcare Inequalities in Local Areas ····················307

  B. Test Use of the Tool to Measure Unmet Healthcare Inequalities in Local Areas ···································314

Ch 4. Research Results ··············································································319

  A. Developing a Qualitative Tool for Measuring Unmet Healthcare Inequalities in Local Areas ····················321

  B. Test Use Results of the Tool to Measure Unmet Healthcare Inequalities in Local Areas ·························344

Part V Conclusion and Policy Suggestions ··············································359

Ch 1. Major Research Results, Summary and Implications ··············································361

  A. Monitoring Indicators of Health Inequalities ······································································363

  B. Developing an Area-based Deprivation Index ·····································································370

  C. Monitoring Inequalities in the Use of Health Services ···································································375

Ch 2. Policy Suggestions ··············································································383

  A. Monitoring Indicators of Health Inequalities ······································································385

  B. Developing an Area-based Deprivation Index ·····································································389

  C. Monitoring Inequalities in the Use of Health Services ···································································393

References ···························································································399

Appendices ································································································423