<Content>
Chapter 1 Introduction 115
Section 1 Background and Purpose 115
Section 2 Methods 119
Section 3 Contents and Scope 120
Chapter 2 Contents and Sampling of the Survey 125
Section 1 Scope and Contents of the Survey 125
Section 2 Sampling 132
Section 3 General Characteristics of the Sample 151
Chapter 3 Definition and Measuring of Poverty 159
Section 1 Concept and Definition of Poverty 159
Section 2 Poverty Measurement 166
Chapter 4 Number and Living Conditions of the Poor 195
Section 1 Number of the Poor 195
Section 2 General Characteristics and Welfare Awareness of the Poor 201
Section 3 Social Security Benefits for the Poor 237
Section 4 Characteristics of Poverty 257
Chapter 5 Poverty Status 273
Section 1 Employment 273
Section 2 Medical Service 312
Section 3 Housing 346
Section 4 Education 365
Section 5 Finance 380
Section 6 Assets 394
Section 7 Child Rearing 415
Section 8 Energy 430
Section 9 Leisure and Culture 442
Chapter 6 Future Directions and Tasks for Improving Poverty Reduction Policy 465
Section 1 Poverty Status and Ways to Improve Related Policies 465
Section 2 Setting the Poverty Line and Ways to Improve Poverty Measurement 473
Section 3 Policy Recommendations for Tailored Poverty Reduction Programs 477
References 497
Appendices 507