CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2
Causes of the Persistently Lowest-low Fertility Rate 5
CHAPTER 3
Demographic Changes Resulting from the Lowes-low
Fertility Rate 11
CHAPTER 4
Socioeconomic Risks of a Lowest-low Fertility Rate and
Super-aged Population 21
CHAPTER 5
Conclusion 61
A. Macroeconomics and Labor Supply 23
B. Industrial Structure 32
C. Financial market 38
D. Housing market 41
E. National defense 42
F. Welfare for the aged 45
G. Old-age income 48
H. Rural communities 52
Bibliography 71