Macroeconomics, Trade, and Social Welfare

서명/저자사항

Macroeconomics, Trade, and Social Welfare

개인저자

Ohyama, Michihiro

형태사항

1 online resource (236 pages)

총서사항

Advances in Japanese Business and Economics v.14

ISBN

9784431558071

주기사항

Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Part I: Welfare and Macroeconomics -- Chapter 1: Multiplier Theory and Public Goods: Macroeconomics of the Mixed System -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Principle of Effective Demand -- 1.3 Government and Fiscal Policy (Two-Good General Equilibrium) -- 1.4 Fiscal Policy Under Full Employment -- 1.5 Neo-Keynesian Synthesis -- 1.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 2: Unemployment and Inflation: The Natural Wage Rate Hypothesis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Model: Short- and Long-Run Equilibria -- 2.2.1 The Labor Market and the Short-Run Equilibrium -- 2.2.2 The Natural Wage Rate and the Long-Run Equilibrium -- 2.3 The Wage Dynamics and the Phillips Curve -- 2.3.1 Adjustment of the Money Wage Rate -- 2.3.2 The Phillips Curve as the Dynamic Path of the Economy -- 2.4 Stagnation, Stagflation, and Policy Implications -- 2.4.1 Stagnation -- 2.4.2 Stagflation -- References -- Chapter 3: A Macroeconomic Theory of Money, Income, and Distribution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Structure of the Model -- 3.2.1 Household Behavior -- 3.2.2 Consumption Function -- 3.2.3 Capital Function -- 3.3 IS - LM Equilibrium -- 3.3.1 Analysis and the Law of Change -- 3.4 Comparative Analysis of Macroeconomic Policies -- 3.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part II: Welfare and Trade -- Chapter 4: Trade and Welfare in General Equilibrium -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 A Trading Economy: The Model -- 4.3 Introduction of Welfare Criterion -- 4.4 A General Theorem on Welfare Comparison -- 4.5 The Gains from Trade Revisited -- 4.6 The Terms of Trade Improvement and Price Divergence -- 4.7 Ranking of Policies Under Trade -- 4.8 Economic Growth and Unilateral Transfer -- 4.9 The Infant Industry Argument -- 4.10 The Customs Unions Issue -- 4.11 The World Gains from Trade -- 4.12 Concluding Remarks -- References. 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 The Impossibility of Absolute Security -- 11.4.2 Collective Housing and Security -- 11.5 Government Failure and Suboptimal Equilibria -- 11.5.1 Soft Budget Constraint -- 11.5.2 ``Amakudari´´ Practice -- 11.6 Equity and Efficiency -- 11.6.1 Commentary in Textbooks -- 11.7 Discussion -- 11.7.1 Poll Tax: The End of the Thatcher Age -- 11.8 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 12: A Theoretical Framework of Mixed Systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Basic Structure of Mixed Economies -- 12.2.1 Private Goods and Public Goods -- 12.2.2 Notations -- 12.2.3 Households and Externalities -- 12.2.4 Firms and Externalities -- 12.3 General Equilibrium and Social Optimum -- 12.3.1 The General Equilibrium of Mixed Economies -- 12.3.2 Optimal Income Distribution -- 12.3.3 Optimal Tax-Subsidy Policy -- 12.4 Applications to Specific Problems -- 12.4.1 Pure Public Goods -- 12.4.2 Congestible Public Good -- 12.4.3 Peak Load Pricing -- 12.4.4 Pollution -- 12.4.5 Decreasing Cost -- 12.4.6 Individual Externalities -- 12.4.7 Representative Agents -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index. Chapter 5: Domestic Distortions and the Theory of Tariffs -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Tariffs in Trade Equilibrium -- 5.3 The Positive Effects of Tariffs -- 5.4 Tariffs and the Real Income -- 5.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 6: Tariffs and the Transfer Problem -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Model -- 6.3 The Effect of Transfer Under Tariffs -- 6.4 A Geometric Analysis of Anomalies -- 6.5 Notes on Tied Transfer -- 6.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7: Innovations and International Trade -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Product Quality and International Trade: The Model -- 7.3 The Effects of a Process Innovation -- 7.4 The Effects of a Product Innovation: General Case -- 7.5 Product Innovation: An Example -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 8: Factor Endowments and the Pattern of Commodity and Factor Trade -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A Model of Commodity and Factor Trade -- 8.3 Factor Endowments and the Pattern of Trade -- 8.4 Illustration by a 2x3 Model -- References -- Chapter 9: Partial Free Trade Agreements and Economic Welfare: Reconsidering GATT Article 24 -- 9.1 Tariffs and Economic Welfare -- 9.2 The Kemp-Wan Theorem and Beyond -- 9.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 10: Market, Trade, and Welfare in General Equilibrium -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Firms in Industry Equilibrium -- 10.3 General Equilibrium -- 10.4 Robustness of Traditional Competitive Analysis -- 10.5 Market and Welfare -- 10.6 Trade and Welfare -- 10.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part III: Welfare and Efficiency -- Chapter 11: Welfare and Efficiency: Socioeconomic Controversies in Modern Times -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Analytical Framework -- 11.2.1 Social and Individual Values -- 11.2.2 Production Frontier and Value Standard -- 11.2.3 Social Optimum -- 11.3 Security and Efficiency -- 11.3.1 Arguments in Mass Media

주제어

Macroeconomics

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