Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model on resilience of breast cancer patients receivingchemotherapy. Methods: Participants were 204 patients with breast cancer who received chemotherapy treatment. They participated in astructured interview, which included social support, depression, symptom experience, self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and infection preventionbehaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: Lower depression (γ=-.33, p =.020) and symptom experience(γ=-.31, p =.012) and higher self-efficacy (γ=.32, p =.005) and hope (γ=.48, p =.016) were influenced by higher social support. Greater resilience was influenced by lower symptom experience (β=-.18, p =.016), higher self-efficacy (β=.49, p =.023), and higher hope (β=.46, p =.012), and these predictors explained 66.7% of variance in resilience. Greater resilience (β=.54, p =.009) made an impact ongreater infection prevention behaviors. Resilience mediated the relations of symptom experience (β=-.10 p =.013), self-efficacy (β=.27,p =.006) and hope (β=.25, p =.009) with infection prevention behaviors. These predictors explained 24.9% of variance in infection preventionbehaviors. Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that breast cancer patientsw ith greater resilience who are receiving chemotherapyparticipate in increased infection prevention behaviors. Further research should be conducted to seek intervention strategies thatimprove breast cancer patients’ resilience.