[영문]Criminal justice policies have resulted in millions of Americansbeing incarcerated over the past three decades in systems that providelittle or no rehabilitation. This study uses a new dataset?TheFragile Families Study?to document poor labor market outcomesthat are associated with incarceration. We find that fathers whohad been incarcerated earned 28 percent less annually than fatherswho were never incarcerated These previously incarcerated fathersworked less weeks per year, less hours per week and were less likelyto be working during the week prior to their interview. We alsofound that fathers who had been incarcerated were more likely todepend on underground employment and off-the-books earnings.