Some in the social sciences argue that the same logic applies to both qualitative and quantitative methods. This title discusses major differences between these two traditions that touch various aspects of social science research, including design, goals, causal effects and models, concepts and measurement, data analysis, and case selection.

1. Introduction --2. Mathematical prelude: a selective introduction to logic and set theory for social scientists --I. Causal Models and Inference: 3. Causes-of-effects versus effects-of-causes; 4. Causal models; 5. Asymmetry; 6. Hume''s two definitions of cause --II. Within-Case Analysis: 7. Within-case versus cross-case causal analysis; 8. Causal mechanisms and process tracing; 9. Counterfactuals --III. Concepts and Measurement: 10. Concepts: definitions, indicators, and error; 11. Meaning and measurement; 12. --Semantics, statistics, and data transformations; 13. Conceptual opposites and typologies --IV. Research Design and Generalization: 14. Case selection and hypothesis testing; 15. Generalizations; 16. Scope; 17. Conclusion.