Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct and test a structural equation model of self-management of liver transplant recipients basedon self-determination theory. Methods: Participants were 275 outpatients who received liver transplantation. A structured self-report questionnairewas used to assess health care providers’ autonomy support, transplant-related characteristics, illness consequence perception, autonomy,competence, family relatedness, depression and self-management. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 program. Results: The modified model showed a good fitness with the data: GFI=.96, RMSEA=.06, CFI=.96, NFI=.93, TLI=.93, PGFI=.43, PNFI=.49. The healthcare providers’ autonomy support, competence, family relatedness and depression were factors with a direct influence on the self-managementof liver transplant recipients. The health care providers’ autonomy support and illness consequence perception had an indirect influence throughcompetence, family relatedness and depression. However, the transplant-related characteristics and autonomy did not have a significant effecton self-management. This model explained 59.4% of the variance in self-management. Conclusion: The result suggests that continuous educationmust be done to promote the competence of liver transplant recipients and to encourage the patient to positively perceive their currenthealth condition with a view that enhances one’s self-management. Additionally, the liver transplant recipients should be screened for depression,which would affect self-management. Most of all, health care providers, who have the most influence on self-management, should improvetherapeutic communication and try to form a therapeutic relationship with the liver transplant recipients.