Social security is one of the fields where artificial intelligence (AI) technology is being actively applied. Chapter 2 of this report examines the current trends in AI development and proposes ethical principles for its application. Chapter 3 reviews case studies of AI implementation in institutions both in Korea and abroad. In the Korean context, 36 projects in social security area employing AI technology were identified. Similarly, as examined in Section 3.2, case studies from other countries demonstrate that relatively basic AI technologies, such as chatbots are widely utilized. Chapter 4 analyzes the regulatory trends concerning AI technology in the social security sector, both domestically and internationally. It was found that Korea lacks adequate regulations in this area yet. Internationally, two key regulatory frameworks were analyzed: the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act and Executive Order 14110 issued by the Biden administration in the United States. Both regulations regard the social security domain as a critical target for regulation and present concrete measures for technological advancement and regulatory oversight. Finally, the report identifies ten domains in which AI technologies are applied within the social security sector, and classifies the associated benefits and risks into seven categories each. The report concludes by offering eight policy recommendations to support and regulate AI applications in the field of social security.
The survey results show that indicators related to pregnancy and childbirth have declined overall. The average number of pregnancies, the average number of births resulting from pregnancy, the actual average number of children born, and the value-based desired number of children all declined compared to 2021. Although the percentage of people agreeing with the necessity of marriage at the level of awareness increased significantly, the percentage agreeing with the necessity of children only increased slightly. Although the perception of gender roles has become more balanced than in the past, the percentage of people who believe that men and women are equal in society was significantly lower for women than for men.
The government's policies to address the low birth rate have focused on families with children, as the government expected faster results. Now, it is necessary to view policies addressing the low birth rate from a broader perspective and focus on supporting young people during their transition to adulthood. The government needs to actively develop policies to strengthen the economic foundation of young people so that they can become independent adults in society.
South Korea faces a demographic crisis with low fertility rates and an aging population despite long-standing governmental interventions. In contrast, Sweden has maintained relatively higher fertility rates through comprehensive policies, including family support, labor market strategies, and immigration frameworks. Sweden’s policies evolved from targeted fertility measures in the 1930s to gender equality initiatives and socio-economic strategies that promote employment stability and social integration. South Korea can learn from Sweden's holistic approach by aligning family, labor, immigration, and pension policies while fostering a more inclusive immigration policy and reducing childcare burdens through cultural and institutional reforms.
This study analyzes the complex challenges of economic hardship and time poverty experienced by single-parent households. Despite their active engagement in both work and caregiving, the current support system often limits access and undermine self-sufficiency due to rigid eligibility criteria, abrupt benefit cutoffs, and income reversal effects. Time-related support remains narrowly focused on low-income groups, while structural blind spots within the labor market further constrain access to effective caregiving support. The study offers policy recommendations to enhance both economic and time related support systems, aiming to strengthen the foundation for self-sufficient among simgle-parent families and improve their overall quality of life.
This study reviewed Japan’s population decline policies to identify applicable measures for Korea. Japan’s approach―centered on child-rearing support and regional revitalization―involves collaboration between central and local governments. Key initiatives include attracting foreign talent, supporting internal migration, addressing vacant housing, and assisting shopping refugees. The study suggests five directions for Korea: improve the system by taking advantage of the purpose of the hometown love donation system, respond to the de facto population and the society with more deaths than births, efforts to improve local residents’ awareness and acceptance of foreign workers, promote public-private cooperation and an integrated approach, and establish a support system for shopping refugees.
The overarching objective of social policy is to enhance people’s happiness and quality of life. This study examines the validity and reliability of measurements of happiness, an abstract experience, and quality of life, a multidimensional concept.
Amid a growing sense of crisis in South Korea, driven by the world’s lowest fertility rate and a rapidly aging population, there is mounting pressure to overhaul the nation’s population policy. Germany’s experience with a low birthrate and aging population, which preceded South Korea’s, along with its efforts to address these challenges in response to a national crisis, offers valuable lessons. In the 1990s, Germany had the lowest fertility rate in Europe, but through significant family policy reforms, including expanding childcare facilities and introducing parental leave, it has emerged as a model for addressing low fertility. Germany’s regional policy, which emphasizes “equal living conditions,” is characterized by the development of policy strategies and specific implementation plans built on social consensus about the policy’s direction. Regarding immigration policy, the government introduced the Immigration Act for Skilled Workers (Fachkr？fteeinwanderungsgesetz) and is working to transform the country into a more attractive destination for immigrants.
This study examines the characteristics of parental support during young adulthood. It reveals that parental support extends beyond financial assistance to include emotional support, advice, and involvement, with strong emotional bonds facilitating greater instrumental support. Parents and children recognize the value of parental support, not as a matter of moral obligation but as a crucial factor influencing their transition to adulthood. The study also highlights class-based disparities in parental support.
This study analyzes the characteristics of changes in central government spending on social security from 2007 to 2024. To do so, we built a social security fiscal database and analyzed the distribution of social security expenditures by target, benefit type, and age group. We also compared the changes in fiscal expenditures with the changes in major social risks by age group to draw implications for improving future fiscal expenditures.
The Korean welfare state is facing three megatrends: technological change, demographic change, and climate change. This study analyzes whether and how these three factors individually and collectively reinforce or alleviate existing new and old ‘social risks’ and whether they may lead to new types of social risks. The concept of social risks was reviewed, and the current state of the Korean welfare state was examined. In the main body, each chapter analyzed how each change affects old and new social risks and contributes to forming new types of social risks, referred to as third-generation social risks. Finally, the study explored how these three changes interact or mediate one another to impact social risks. Through this analysis, six emerging types of third-generation social risks were identified.
