This study proposes intermediate performance indicators that can be used at the level of “program clusters” sharing similar policy goals, with the aim of narrowing the gap between output-oriented performance measures for individual programs and outcome/impact-oriented measures for the social security system as a whole. Focusing on middle-aged adults, whose policy importance has grown in light of demographic change and fiscal conditions, the study selected employment and social relations as key policy areas: in employment, it suggests indicators that capture risks in the transition process beyond level measures; in social relations, it recommends using indicators that reflect not only the outcomes of social isolation but also the structure and functions of social networks. In particular, findings by vulnerability factors in the social relations domain suggest a potential vicious cycle between labor market exit and social isolation among middle-aged adults, which implies that policies for this group should place greater emphasis on supporting labor market transitions.