This study examined the characteristics of pet owners, including their happiness, anxiety, and depression, related to their pet ownership status. Furthermore, it analyzed the causal relationship between pet ownership and pet spending on pet ownership and their life satisfaction. The analysis found that, overall, spending on pets among vulnerable populations improves their life satisfaction, suggesting the need for support. However, the impact of pet ownership on life satisfaction was generally not statistically significant. In other words, while policies supporting pet-related spending among vulnerable populations are considered appropriate, support aimed at promoting pet ownership requires a cautious approach.