한국보건사회연구원

The purpose of this study is to gather and present empirical data on Koreans’ happiness and quality of life so as to help researchers find a theoretical model of Koreans’ happiness and aid policy makers in developing specific policy solutions toward improving Koreans’ quality of life.
Survey on Koreans’ Happiness and Quality of Life 2019 was conducted to gauge Koreans’ subjective well-being. This paper analyzes and presents Koreans' perception of happiness and Koreans' happiness map using the survey data.

Motivated by the need to decide the direction of a user-centered policy support system for young adults, this study takes a life course perspective on the spatiotemporal contexts of young Korean adults’ lives and how their life experiences have shaped their present, exploring the experiences of disadvantages they have faced and/or continue to face. To that end, this study combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results of our quantitative analysis highlight the need for a multidimensional approach to policy support for young adults. Also, our qualitative analysis provides a detailed understanding of the life course of disadvantaged young adults. Young adults’ current life is a result of the interaction among various factors in the specific time and space they have lived. The different ways in which these interactions have panned out and individual choices had significant effects on the lives of young adults who seemingly started out from similar places.
Based on our analysis, we propose: (1) redefining the roles of the social policy system and enhancing its accountability for young adults, (2) introducing more specific and refined measures of policy support that reflect the diversity of young adults’ situations and needs, (3) revisiting the security and consistency of young adult policy support and the social security system at large, and (4) developing a realistic index of social security for young adults and applying it to policy monitoring.

There are diverse paths to reducing income inequality. The most intuitive is to increase the income of the poor. Another is to reduce the burden of household expenditure on essential goods and services, particularly for the poor. Filling up a tank requires not only pouring more water into it, but also blocking the holes at the tank’s bottom. The latter approach is the subject of this paper. Reducing the financial burden of essential household expenditure on low-income families is as important a matter of policymaking as increasing household income. Of particular interest to this report are the amounts of money that Korean households spend on housing, healthcare, and education, as well as debts. This report compares Koreans’ spending on the categories to those of Americans, Germans, Swedes and Japanese, respectively.

Whereas youth who age out from out-of-home care systems undergo a lot of difficulties economically, psychologically, and socially, the difficulties are preventable when the youth are well-prepared for independent living. However, there has been little study that examined how much youth in out-of-home care are prepared for independent living and how out-of- home care systems help them live independently. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate out-of-home care youth’s readiness for independence, experiences with receiving support and resources for independence, and demand for support for independent living.
The study results reveals that there are significant differences in youth’s readiness for independence and experiences with independent living support and resources across types of out-of-home care: institutional care, group home, and foster care. Based on the study findings, this study has made some suggestions to improve independent living support system and the quality of independent living services.

This study aims to empirically determine the fiscal capability of the South Korean welfare state to withstand the inevitable increase in welfare spending that would be incurred as part of the cost of unification with North Korea. We explicitly assess and compare South Korea’s fiscal sustainability both under integration with North Korea and the absence of integration, with the likely changes in the demographic structure and unemployment rates. It then examines how South Korea’s fiscal sustainability would be affected under the worst imaginable macroeconomic circumstances that could arise after inter-Korean integration.
The analysis reveals that the South Korean welfare state is fiscally robust. Insofar as the Korean government maintains its current fiscal stance (effective as of 2015), it would most likely ensure the fiscal sustainability of its welfare programs. Even when North Korea’s demographic structure and labor market situation are taken into account, South Korea could manage its fiscal sustainability competently. In such an extreme case, where the country’s national debt level is double the 2015 level, and the country faces a sudden economic crisis like the Asian Financial Crisis of the 1990s, its fiscal sustainability could be compromised. In reality, however, the chances of such an abrupt and unforeseen deterioration in a country’s economic status are slim. Therefore, we should take caution not to exaggerate the likelihood of such scenarios, even as we prepare for the possible risks of the worst-case fiscal scenario. The best way to reduce uncertainty as much as possible is to establish and strengthen mutually beneficial relations between the two Koreas.

Due to rapid population aging, Korea’s productive population is on the decline after reaching its peak in 2018. The government is considering those aged between 50 and 69, who still belong to productive age but who find it difficult to keep participating in productive activities due to the current retirement age limit and corporate culture, as an important human capital in the era of population aging, exerting efforts to help them continuously contribute to society.
However, there is a lack of data with which to systematically describe a thorough picture of the socioeconomic traits of the new middle-aged. This has led to a limited policy coverage focusing solely on the employment facet the new middle-aged.
The objective of this study is to provide basic information on the new middle-aged, especially on their living conditions and welfare needs, and to draw implications for comprehensive policy-making for those population groups.

기본소득 관련 논의의 다양성

기본소득제도나 기본소득 기반 대안적 사회보장제도에 대해 활발히 제기되고 있는 논의와 주장들은 역사적 배경과 연원이 다원적이고 동질적지 않음.

기본소득제도 정책실험 사례에 대한 재평가

기본소득제도에 대한 정책적 논의는 실제 제도의 구현을 앞질러 가고 있어 미실현 제도에 대한 분석과 평가에 어려움이 따르는데, 이에 대한 방법으로 흔히 고려되는 정책실험은 한계와 문제점이 적지 않아 대부분의 경우 이를 이용한 정책 효과의 포착을 기대하기 적절한지 의문임.

기본소득 기반 대안적 사회보장제도 평가의 내용과 방법

기존 제도를 포함한 여러 대안적 제도들 사이의 비교 평가가 필수적이며, 제도의 실현가능성, 분배적 효과, 재정 효율 및 안정성이 최소한의 기준으로 포함되어야 함. 평가 기반 모형으로 동태행위모형이 대안적 방법론의 출발점이 될 수 있음.

우리는 지금 코로나바이러스감염증-19(이하, 코로나19) 이슈의 중심에 있습니다. 2019년 

말부터 발병하기 시작한 코로나19는 2020년 3월부터 전 세계적으로 확산되어 많은 사람들 

의 건강과 생명을 위협할 뿐만 아니라 사회적？경제적 위험을 증폭시키고 있습니다. 한국은 

2015년 메르스(중동호흡기증후군) 대응 경험을 토대로 감염병 종합 대책을 마련하고 음압 

병동도 확대했으나, 초기 대응에는 한계가 있었습니다. 그러나 드라이브 스루(Drive Thru), 

진단 키트, 생활치료센터 등의 아이디어를 적용함으로써 한국의 보건？방역체계는 세계가 

따르는 K방역 모델이 되었습니다. 

코로나19는 우리에게 숙제도 남겼습니다. 

보건 분야에서는 치료 중심 보건의료체계를 예방 중심의 건강정책으로 전환하고, 지역？ 

진료 과목？의료기관 간 불균형을 완화하며, 공공보건의료체계를 확충해야 합니다. 소득 

보장 분야에서는 정규직 노동시장 중심 체계를 유연한 사회보장체계로 전환하고, 소득보장 

제도와 고용보험 등의 제도적 사각지대를 줄여야 합니다. 

사회서비스 분야에서는 시설서비스와 재가서비스로 구분하여 정책 방안을 강구할 필요성이 

제기되었습니다. 생활시설은 감염병 예방을 위해 이용자 및 종사자에 대한 정례적인 건강 

관리를 해야 하며, 감염병 등과 같은 보건？방역 이슈 발생 시 안전한 생활환경을 조성할 수 

있는 가이드라인과 상시 관리 체계를 마련해야 합니다. 이번 코로나19 사태에서 방문돌봄 

서비스 이용자들과 이들에게 대면 서비스를 제공해야 하는 종사자들이 불안감을 느낀다는 

것을 확인할 수 있었습니다. 이에 따라 비대면 서비스 개발의 필요성과 함께 대면 서비스 

종사자의 안전 문제가 제기되었습니다.

In 2019 alone, KIHASA researchers brought to completion 69 research reports and 145 policy reports. These reports cover policy diagnosis andprescription for national issues concerning health care, social security and social welfare.
In some of these we undertook evaluation and monitoring of existing policies, with a view to ensuring that they are implemented in a trustable and reliable manner. This Annual Report is intended to serve as a signpost with which to look back on what we did last year and direct our
way forward. Along with the summaries of some of the notable research projects undertaken in
2019, this report listed various activities we conducted(-) policy dialogues, and international conferences, among many others-in the past year.

본 연구에서는 연산가능 일반균형 모형을 이용하여 주어진 복지지출의 파급 효과를 분석하였다. 노령 관련 사회지출을 증가시키는 정책 시뮬레이션 결과에 따르면 공적연금은 중상위 소득계층에 추가 소득을 제공하는 것으로 나타나서 불평등이나 빈곤 완화 효과는 크지 않은 것으로 보인다.
호주 방식의 연산가능 일반균형 모형을 이용하여 하위 40%에 대하여 기초연금을 30만 원으로 확대하는 경우의 단기적인 효과를 살펴보면, 고용은 0.012% 증가하고, 실질 GDP는 0.007% 증가한다. 또 영업잉여와 피용자보수는 각각 0.028% 및 0.031% 증가하고, 불변가격 기준의 가계소비는 0.055% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.